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This article explains how to install the Microsoft ODBC Driver for SQL Server on Linux. It also includes instructions for the optional command-line tools for SQL Server (bcp and sqlcmd) and the unixODBC development headers.

This article provides commands for installing the ODBC driver from the bash shell. If you want to download the packages directly, see Download ODBC Driver for SQL Server.

Microsoft ODBC 17

The following sections explain how to install the Microsoft ODBC driver 17 from the bash shell for different Linux distributions.

Important

If you installed the v17 msodbcsql package that was briefly available, you should remove it before installing the msodbcsql17 package. This will avoid conflicts. The msodbcsql17 package can be installed side by side with the msodbcsql v13 package.

Alpine Linux

Note

Driver version 17.5 or higher is required for Alpine support.

Debian

Note

You can substitute setting the environment variable 'ACCEPT_EULA' with setting the debconf variable 'msodbcsql/ACCEPT_EULA' instead: echo msodbcsql17 msodbcsql/ACCEPT_EULA boolean true sudo debconf-set-selections

Red Hat Enterprise Server and Oracle Linux

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server

Ubuntu

Note

• Driver version 17.2 or higher is required for Ubuntu 18.04 support.
• Driver version 17.3 or higher is required for Ubuntu 18.10 support.

Note

You can substitute setting the environment variable 'ACCEPT_EULA' with setting the debconf variable 'msodbcsql/ACCEPT_EULA' instead: echo msodbcsql17 msodbcsql/ACCEPT_EULA boolean true sudo debconf-set-selections

Previous versions

The following sections provide instructions for installing previous versions of the Microsoft ODBC driver on Linux. The following driver versions are covered:

ODBC 13.1

The following sections explain how to install the Microsoft ODBC driver 13.1 from the bash shell for different Linux distributions.

Debian 8

RedHat Enterprise Server 6

RedHat Enterprise Server 7

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12

Ubuntu 15.10

Ubuntu 16.04

Ubuntu 16.10

ODBC 13

The following sections explain how to install the Microsoft ODBC driver 13 from the bash shell for different Linux distributions.

RedHat Enterprise Server 6

RedHat Enterprise Server 7

Ubuntu 15.10

Ubuntu 16.04

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12

Offline installation

If you prefer/require the Microsoft ODBC Driver 13 to be installed on a computer with no internet connection, you will need to resolve package dependencies manually. The Microsoft ODBC Driver 13 has the following direct dependencies:

• Ubuntu: libc6 (>= 2.21), libstdc++6 (>= 4.9), libkrb5-3, libcurl3, openssl, debconf (>= 0.5), unixodbc (>= 2.3.1-1)
• Red Hat: glibc, e2fsprogs, krb5-libs, openssl, unixODBC
• SUSE: glibc, libuuid1, krb5, openssl, unixODBC

Each of these packages in turn has their own dependencies, which may or may not be present on the system. For a general solution to this issue, refer to your distribution's package manager documentation: Redhat, Ubuntu, and SUSE

It is also common to manually download all the dependent packages and place them together on the installation computer, then manually install each package in turn, finishing with the Microsoft ODBC Driver 13 package.

Redhat Linux Enterprise Server 7

• Download the latest msodbcsql.rpm from https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/7/prod/.
• Install dependencies and the driver.

Ubuntu 16.04

• Download the latest msodbcsql.deb from https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/16.04/prod/pool/main/m/msodbcsql/.
• Install dependencies and the driver.

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12

• Download the latest msodbcsql.rpm from https://packages.microsoft.com/sles/12/prod/.
• Install the dependencies and the driver.

After you have completed the package installation, you can verify that the Microsoft ODBC Driver 13 can find all its dependencies by running ldd and inspecting its output for missing libraries:

ODBC 11

The following sections explain how to install the Microsoft ODBC driver 11 on Linux. Before you can use the driver, install the unixODBC driver manager. For more information, see Installing the Driver Manager.

Installation Steps

Important

These instructions refer to msodbcsql-11.0.2270.0.tar.gz, which is installation file for Red Hat Linux. If you are installing the Preview for SUSE Linux, the file name is msodbcsql-11.0.2260.0.tar.gz.

To install the driver:

1. Make sure that you have root permission.

2. Change to the directory where the download placed the file msodbcsql-11.0.2270.0.tar.gz. Make sure that you have the *.tar.gz file that matches your version of Linux. To extract the files, execute the following command, tar xvzf msodbcsql-11.0.2270.0.tar.gz.

3. Change to the msodbcsql-11.0.2270.0 directory and there you should see a file called install.sh.

4. To see a list of the available installation options, execute the following command: ./install.sh.

5. Make a backup of odbcinst.ini. The driver installation updates odbcinst.ini. odbcinst.ini contains the list of drivers that are registered with the unixODBC Driver Manager. To discover the location of odbcinst.ini on your computer, execute the following command: odbc_config --odbcinstini.

6. Before you install the driver, execute the following command: ./install.sh verify. The output of ./install.sh verify reports if your computer has the required software to support the ODBC driver on Linux.

7. When you are ready to install the ODBC driver on Linux, execute the command: ./install.sh install. If you need to specify an install command (bin-dir or lib-dir), specify the command after the install option.

8. After reviewing the license agreement, type YES to continue with the installation.

Installation puts the driver in /opt/microsoft/msodbcsql/11.0.2270.0. The driver and its support files must be in /opt/microsoft/msodbcsql/11.0.2270.0.

To verify that the Microsoft ODBC driver on Linux was registered successfully, execute the following command: odbcinst -q -d -n 'ODBC Driver 11 for SQL Server'.

Uninstall

You can uninstall the ODBC driver 11 on Linux by executing the following commands:

1. rm -f /usr/bin/sqlcmd

2. rm -f /usr/bin/bcp

3. rm -rf /opt/microsoft/msodbcsql

4. odbcinst -u -d -n 'ODBC Driver 11 for SQL Server'

Driver files

The ODBC driver on Linux consists of the following components:

Resource file loading

The driver needs to load the resource file in order to function. This file is called msodbcsqlr17.rll or msodbcsqlr13.rll depending on the driver version. The location of the .rll file is relative to the location of the driver itself (so or dylib), as noted in the table above. As of version 17.1 the driver will also attempt to load the .rll from the default directory if loading from the relative path fails. The default resource file path on Linux is /opt/microsoft/msodbcsql17/share/resources/en_US/.

Troubleshooting

If you are unable to make a connection to SQL Server using the ODBC driver, see the known issues article on troubleshooting connection problems.

Next steps

After installing the driver, you can try the C++ ODBC example application. For more information about developing ODBC applications, see Developing Applications.

For more information, see the ODBC driver release notes and system requirements.

The following instructions assume a clean environment and show how to install PHP 7.x, the Microsoft ODBC driver, the Apache web server, and the Microsoft Drivers for PHP for SQL Server on Ubuntu 16.04, 18.04, and 19.10, RedHat 7 and 8, Debian 8, 9, and 10, Suse 12 and 15, Alpine 3.11 (experimental), and macOS 10.13, 10.14, and 10.15. These instructions advise installing the drivers using PECL, but you can also download the prebuilt binaries from the Microsoft Drivers for PHP for SQL Server GitHub project page and install them following the instructions in Loading the Microsoft Drivers for PHP for SQL Server. For an explanation of extension loading and why we do not add the extensions to php.ini, see the section on loading the drivers.

These instructions install PHP 7.4 by default. Note that some supported Linux distros default to PHP 7.1 or earlier, which is not supported for the latest version of the PHP drivers for SQL Server -- please see the notes at the beginning of each section to install PHP 7.2 or 7.3 instead.

Also included are instructions for installing the PHP FastCGI Process Manager, PHP-FPM, on Ubuntu. This is needed if using the nginx web server instead of Apache.

Contents of this page:

Installing the drivers on Ubuntu 16.04, 18.04, and 19.10

Onenote mac without microsoft account login. Note

To install PHP 7.2 or 7.3, replace 7.4 with 7.2 or 7.3 in the following commands.

Step 1. Install PHP

Step 2. Install prerequisites

Install the ODBC driver for Ubuntu by following the instructions on the Linux installation article.

Step 3. Install the PHP drivers for Microsoft SQL Server

If there is only one PHP version in the system, then the last step can be simplified to phpenmod sqlsrv pdo_sqlsrv.

Step 4. Install Apache and configure driver loading

Step 5. Restart Apache and test the sample script

To test your installation, see Testing your installation at the end of this document.

Installing the drivers with PHP-FPM on Ubuntu

Note

To install PHP 7.2 or 7.3, replace 7.4 with 7.2 or 7.3 in the following commands.

Step 1. Install PHP

Verify the status of the PHP-FPM service by running

Step 2. Install prerequisites

Install the ODBC driver for Ubuntu by following the instructions on the Linux installation article.

Step 3. Install the PHP drivers for Microsoft SQL Server

If there is only one PHP version in the system, then the last step can be simplified to phpenmod sqlsrv pdo_sqlsrv.

Verify that sqlsrv.ini and pdo_sqlsrv.ini are located in /etc/php/7.4/fpm/conf.d/:

Restart the PHP-FPM service:

Step 4. Install and configure nginx

To configure nginx, you must edit the /etc/nginx/sites-available/default file. Add index.php to the list below the section that says # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP:

Next, modify the section following # pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server as follows:

Step 5. Restart nginx and test the sample script

To test your installation, see Testing your installation at the end of this document.

Installing the drivers on Red Hat 7 and 8

Step 1. Install PHP

Microsoft remote desktop 10 mac. To install PHP on Red Hat 7, run the following:

Note

To install PHP 7.2 or 7.3, replace remi-php74 with remi-php72 or remi-php73 respectively in the following commands.

To install PHP on Red Hat 8, run the following:

Note

To install PHP 7.2 or 7.3, replace remi-7.4 with remi-7.2 or remi-7.3 respectively in the following commands.

Step 2. Install prerequisites

Install the ODBC driver for Red Hat 7 or 8 by following the instructions on the Linux installation article.

Step 3. Install the PHP drivers for Microsoft SQL Server

You can alternatively install from the Remi repo:

Step 4. Install Apache

SELinux is installed by default and runs in Enforcing mode. To allow Apache to connect to databases through SELinux, run the following command:

Step 5. Restart Apache and test the sample script

To test your installation, see Testing your installation at the end of this document.

Installing the drivers on Debian 8, 9, and 10

Note

To install PHP 7.2 or 7.3, replace 7.4 in the following commands with 7.2 or 7.3.

Step 1. Install PHP

Step 2. Install prerequisites

Install the ODBC driver for Debian by following the instructions on the Linux installation article.

You may also need to generate the correct locale to get PHP output to display correctly in a browser. For example, for the en_US UTF-8 locale, run the following commands:

You may need to add /usr/sbin to your $PATH, as the locale-gen executable is located there.

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Step 3. Install the PHP drivers for Microsoft SQL Server

If there is only one PHP version in the system, then the last step can be simplified to phpenmod sqlsrv pdo_sqlsrv. As with locale-gen, phpenmod is located in /usr/sbin so you may need to add this directory to your $PATH.

Step 4. Install Apache and configure driver loading

Step 5. Restart Apache and test the sample script

To test your installation, see Testing your installation at the end of this document.

Installing the drivers on Suse 12 and 15

Note

In the following instructions, replace <SuseVersion> with your version of Suse - if you are using Suse Enterprise Linux 15, it will be SLE_15 or SLE_15_SP1. For Suse 12, use SLE_12_SP4 (or above if applicable). Not all versions of PHP are available for all versions of Suse Linux - please refer to http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/languages:/php to see which versions of Suse have the default version PHP available, or to http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/languages:/php:/ to see which other versions of PHP are available for which versions of Suse.

Note

Packages for PHP 7.4 are not available for Suse 12.To install PHP 7.2, replace the repository URL below with the following URL:https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/languages:/php:/php72/<SuseVersion>/devel:languages:php:php72.repo.To install PHP 7.3, replace the repository URL below with the following URL:https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/languages:/php:/php73/<SuseVersion>/devel:languages:php:php73.repo.

Step 1. Install PHP

Step 2. Install prerequisites

Install the ODBC driver for Suse by following the instructions on the Linux installation article.

Step 3. Install the PHP drivers for Microsoft SQL Server

Note

If you get an error message saying Connection to 'pecl.php.net:443' failed: Unable to find the socket transport 'ssl', edit the pecl script at /usr/bin/pecl and remove the -n switch in the last line. This switch prevents PECL from loading ini files when PHP is called, which prevents the OpenSSL extension from loading.

Step 4. Install Apache and configure driver loading

Step 5. Restart Apache and test the sample script

To test your installation, see Testing your installation at the end of this document.

Installing the drivers on Alpine 3.11

Note

The default version of PHP is 7.3. Alternate versions of PHP are not available from other repositories for Alpine 3.11. You can instead compile PHP from source.

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Step 1. Install PHP

PHP packages for Alpine are found in the edge/community repository. Add the following line to /etc/apt/repositories, replacing <mirror> with the URL of an Alpine repository mirror:

Then run:

Step 2. Install prerequisites

Install the ODBC driver for Alpine by following the instructions on the Linux installation article.

Step 3. Install the PHP drivers for Microsoft SQL Server

You may need to define a locale:

Step 4. Install Apache and configure driver loading

Step 5. Restart Apache and test the sample script

To test your installation, see Testing your installation at the end of this document.

Installing the drivers on macOS High Sierra, Mojave, and Catalina

If you do not already have it, install brew as follows:

Note

To install PHP 7.2 or 7.3, replace php@7.4 with php@7.2 or php@7.3 respectively in the following commands.

Step 1. Install PHP

PHP should now be in your path -- run php -v to verify that you are running the correct version of PHP. If PHP is not in your path or it is not the correct version, run the following:

Step 2. Install prerequisites

Install the ODBC driver for macOS by following the instructions on the macOS installation article.

In addition, you may need to install the GNU make tools:

Step 3. Install the PHP drivers for Microsoft SQL Server

Step 4. Install Apache and configure driver loading

To find the Apache configuration file, httpd.conf, for your Apache installation, run

The following commands append the required configuration to httpd.conf. Be sure to substitute the path returned by the preceding command in place of /usr/local/etc/httpd/httpd.conf:

Step 5. Restart Apache and test the sample script

To test your installation, see Testing your installation at the end of this document.

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Testing Your Installation

To test this sample script, create a file called testsql.php in your system's document root. This is /var/www/html/ on Ubuntu, Debian, and Redhat, /srv/www/htdocs on SUSE, /var/www/localhost/htdocs on Alpine, or /usr/local/var/www on macOS. Copy the following script to it, replacing the server, database, username, and password as appropriate. On Alpine 3.11, you may also need to specify the CharacterSet as 'UTF-8' in the $connectionOptions array.

Point your browser to https://localhost/testsql.php (https://localhost:8080/testsql.php on macOS). You should now be able to connect to your SQL Server/Azure SQL database.

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See Also